Introduction
The relationship between the Church and the State has been a crucial aspect of Christian thought throughout history. Both institutions are ordained by God, yet they serve distinct purposes. The State is entrusted with maintaining justice, order, and governance, while the Church is called to proclaim the Gospel, disciple believers, and glorify God. At Masihi.Church, we affirm the biblical teaching that Christians are to respect and honour governing authorities while prioritising obedience to God’s commands. The tension between allegiance to the State and faithfulness to God has been a challenge throughout history, particularly in contexts where governing authorities oppose Christian teachings.
In India, where diverse religions and political structures shape public life, the Church must navigate its role carefully. The Bible teaches that believers should pray for those in authority and live peaceably (1 Timothy 2:1–2), while also standing firm in the truth of the Gospel. The Lord Jesus Christ Himself acknowledged the authority of the State, saying, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s” (Matthew 22:21). However, when the commands of the State conflict with the commands of God, believers must follow the example of the apostles who declared, “We must obey God rather than men” (Acts 5:29).
This principle has guided the Church through times of persecution and governmental opposition. Throughout history, church leaders, including Paul Washer and Voddie Baucham, have emphasised that while Christians are called to submit to governing authorities (Romans 13:1–7), they must never compromise the truth of God’s Word. Dr. Sudhakar Pawar at Masihi.Church often reminds believers that true allegiance belongs to Christ, and that our obedience to the State is secondary to our commitment to the Kingdom of God.
Theological Implications
The doctrine of God’s sovereignty affirms that He establishes rulers and authorities according to His divine purposes (Daniel 2:21). While earthly governments operate under God’s ordination, their authority is limited. The Church, as the body of Christ, belongs to a higher kingdom that transcends national and political boundaries. Christopher J. H. Wright highlights that the Church’s mission is not political dominance but faithfulness in witness, regardless of governmental structures.
At Masihi.Church, we recognise that submission to authorities does not mean silent complicity with injustice. The prophets of the Old Testament, such as Daniel and Jeremiah, served under pagan rulers while remaining unwavering in their faith (Daniel 6:10). The early Church, as seen in the book of Acts, flourished despite opposition, boldly proclaiming Christ under hostile regimes (Acts 4:19–20). Pastor Abhishek Lawrence teaches that believers are called to live as good citizens while bearing witness to the truth, demonstrating love, integrity, and righteousness in all interactions with governing authorities.
Furthermore, the role of the State in maintaining justice must be upheld. Romans 13 affirms that the government is God’s servant to execute justice and protect society (Romans 13:4). However, when governments fail in this duty or oppose God’s commands, the Church must stand firm in truth, following the example of the early martyrs and reformers. Timothy Stephen often exhorts believers that the Church must remain a prophetic voice, calling leaders to righteousness while maintaining peace and honour.
Challenges and Responses
One of the key challenges facing the Church in the broader society is the increasing influence of secular perspectives, which may sometimes differ from biblical values. In a diverse and pluralistic context like India, the Church navigates various cultural and social expectations while remaining faithful to its mission. At times, believers may encounter difficulties such as restrictions on sharing their faith or societal misunderstandings about Christian teachings (2 Timothy 3:12).
A meaningful response to these challenges is to engage in faithful and courageous discipleship. Paul Washer emphasises that the Church flourishes not through reliance on external influence but through unwavering commitment to the Gospel. The Indian Church has a rich history of perseverance, from the early Christian communities in Kerala to present-day believers who continue to walk steadfastly in their faith. At Masihi.Church, we encourage followers of Christ to take up their cross daily and trust in God’s sovereignty, knowing that He is always at work (Luke 9:23).
Another challenge is the misconception that the Church should remain entirely apolitical. While the Church must not seek political control, it also cannot be silent on moral issues. The biblical prophets, John the Baptist, and even the Lord Jesus Christ Himself confronted authorities when necessary (Mark 6:18). As Dr. Sudhakar Pawar notes, the Indian Church must engage in social justice and advocacy, upholding the dignity of all people and speaking against corruption and oppression (Micah 6:8).
The Indian Theological Context
In the Indian context, the relationship between the Church and the State is particularly complex. India is a secular democracy, yet religion plays a significant role in public life. The Church has historically contributed to education, healthcare, and social welfare, yet Christians often face discrimination and opposition. As Voddie Baucham notes, the Church must navigate such realities with wisdom and faith, trusting in God’s provision (Psalm 37:5).
At Masihi.Church, we believe that Christian engagement with society should be marked by humility and conviction. The Church must continue its mission regardless of social pressures, drawing from the example of the apostles who spread the Gospel under Roman rule (Philippians 1:27–28). Timothy Stephen has often pointed out that while India’s pluralistic framework presents challenges, it also provides opportunities for the Gospel to reach people of all backgrounds through faithful witness.
One of the strengths of the Indian Church is its resilience. Despite hardships, believers have stood firm in their faith, much like the early Church (1 Peter 5:10). The Church must continue to equip believers for courageous and faithful living in a rapidly changing society.
Conclusion
The relationship between the Church and the State is one of honouring God while living as responsible citizens. Masihi.Church upholds the biblical principle of respecting authorities while maintaining our ultimate allegiance to Christ. The tension between obedience to the government and obedience to God has been present since the time of the apostles and continues today. The Church must remain steadfast, proclaiming the Gospel without compromise, trusting that God is sovereign over all earthly powers (Proverbs 21:1).
As Dr. Sudhakar Pawar and Pastor Abhishek Lawrence teach, the Church’s mission remains unchanged: to glorify God, make disciples, and serve as a witness in society, no matter the socio-political climate (Matthew 5:14–16). In an ever-changing world, we at Masihi.Church are committed to walking faithfully in obedience to Christ, praying for our leaders, and standing firm in the truth of Scripture (2 Thessalonians 2:15).
Scripture References:
- Matthew 22:21 – Jesus teaches about the distinction between God’s authority and earthly governance.
- Romans 13:1-7 – Paul instructs believers to be subject to governing authorities, as they are instituted by God.
- Acts 5:29 – Peter and the apostles affirm that obedience to God takes precedence over human authority.
- 1 Peter 2:13-17 – Peter urges submission to authorities while honouring God.
- Proverbs 21:1 – The king’s heart is in the Lord’s hand, showing that God is sovereign over rulers.
- Daniel 2:21 – God establishes and removes kings according to His will.
- Titus 3:1 – Believers are reminded to be obedient and ready for good works.
- Psalm 2:10-11 – Rulers are warned to serve the Lord with reverence.
- Jeremiah 29:7 – God commands His people to seek the welfare of the city where they live.
- 2 Timothy 3:12 – Those who desire to live godly lives in Christ will face persecution.
- Psalm 33:12 – Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord.
- Isaiah 9:6-7 – The government is ultimately on Christ’s shoulders, and His kingdom will have no end.
- John 18:36 – Jesus declares that His kingdom is not of this world.
- Matthew 5:10 – Those persecuted for righteousness are blessed in God’s kingdom.
- Psalm 146:3-4 – Do not put trust in earthly rulers, as only God reigns eternally.
- Ephesians 6:12 – The real battle is spiritual, not merely political.
- Micah 6:8 – God calls His people to act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with Him.
- Colossians 3:17 – In all things, believers should glorify God in their actions.
- 2 Chronicles 7:14 – God promises to heal the land if His people humble themselves and pray.
- Matthew 10:16 – Jesus calls His followers to be wise as serpents and innocent as doves in a hostile world.
- Revelation 11:15 – The kingdoms of the world will become the kingdom of Christ.
- 1 Timothy 2:1-2 – Believers are to pray for rulers and authorities so that they may lead peaceful lives.